I-Universal Serial Bus (i-USB) mhlawumbi yenye yezona ndawo zinonxibelelwano oluguquguqukayo kwihlabathi liphela. Yaqalwa yi-Intel kunye neMicrosoft kwaye inamandla okudlala ngokukhawuleza. Ukusukela oko kwaqaliswa i-USB interface ngo-1994, emva kweminyaka engama-26 yophuhliso, nge-USB 1.0/1.1, i-USB2.0, i-USB 3.x, ekugqibeleni yaphuhliswa ukuya kwi-USB4 yangoku; Izinga lokudlulisela linyukile ukusuka kwi-1.5Mbps ukuya kwi-40Gbps yamva nje. Okwangoku, ayizizo kuphela ii-smart phones ezisandula ukuqaliswa ezixhasa i-Type-C interface, kodwa neekhompyutha zeelaptop, iikhamera zedijithali, izithethi ezikrelekrele, izixhobo zamandla eselula kunye nezinye izixhobo ziqale ukusebenzisa i-TYPE-C specification USB interface, eye yangeniswa ngempumelelo kwicandelo leemoto. Endaweni ye-USB-A, iModel 3 entsha yeTesla inee-usB-C ports, kwaye i-Apple iguqule ngokupheleleyo ii-macBooks zayo kunye nee-AirPods Pro kwii-USB Type-C ports ezicocekileyo zokudlulisa idatha kunye nokutshaja. Ukongeza, ngokweemfuno ze-eu, i-apple iza kusebenzisa i-USB type-c interface kwi-iPhone15 ezayo, kwaye akukho mathandabuzo ukuba i-USB4 iya kuba yi-interface ephambili yemveliso kwimarike yexesha elizayo.
Iimfuno zeentambo ze-USB4
Utshintsho olukhulu kwi-USB4 entsha kukungeniswa kwenkcazo yeprotocol yeThunderbolt eyabelwana ngayo ne-Intel ne-usb-if. Isebenza kwiikhonkco ezimbini, i-bandwidth iphindwe kabini ukuya kwi-40Gbps, kwaye i-Tunneling ixhasa idatha ezininzi kunye neprotocol zokubonisa. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-PCI Express kunye ne-DisplayPort. Ukongeza, i-USB4 igcina ukuhambelana okuhle nokungeniswa kweprotocol entsha esisiseko, ihambelana ne-USB3.2/3.1/3.0/2.0, kunye ne-Thunderbolt 3. Ngenxa yoko, i-USB4 ibe yeyona migangatho ye-USB inzima ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ifuna abayili baqonde iinkcukacha ze-USB4, USB3.2, USB2.0, USB Type-C kunye ne-USB Power Delivery. Ukongeza, abayili kufuneka baqonde iinkcukacha ze-PCI Express kunye ne-DisplayPort, kunye netekhnoloji yokukhusela umxholo we-HIGH-DEFINITION (HDCP) ehambelana nemo ye-USB4 DisplayPort, kwaye iintambo kunye nezihlanganisi esizaziyo zineemfuno eziphezulu zokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kombane zeemveliso ezigqityiweyo zekhebula le-USB4.
Inguqulelo ye-coaxial ye-USB4 yavela ngequbuliso
Ngexesha le-USB3.1 10G, abavelisi abaninzi basebenzise isakhiwo se-coaxial ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kwe-frequency ephezulu. Inguqulelo ye-coaxial ayizange isetyenziswe kwi-USB series ngaphambili, iimeko zayo zokusetyenziswa ikakhulu ziiNotebook, ifowuni ephathwayo, iGPS, isixhobo sokulinganisa, itekhnoloji yeBluetooth, njl. Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwenkcazo yekhebula kumgca we-coaxial wezonyango, umgca we-teflon coaxial electronic, ucingo lwe-coaxial frequency yerediyo, njl., kunye neemfuno zolawulo lweendleko ezinkulu zemarike, kwixesha le-USB3.1 lokunamathela ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nokusebenza kwemveliso ngokukhawuleza kuthatha imarike, kodwa ngemarike ye-USB4 yeemfuno zothumelo lwe-frequency ephezulu ngakumbi nangakumbi, kunye neemfuno zothumelo lwesantya esiphezulu inamandla okulwa nokuphazamiseka kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza kombane. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe uzinzo lothumelo lwe-frequency ephezulu, i-USB4 ephambili yangoku iseyinguqulelo ephambili ye-coaxial, inkqubo yokuvelisa i-coaxial kunye nemveliso yinkqubo enzima, ukusombulula ukusetyenziswa kwe-frequency ephezulu kunye nesantya esiphezulu kufuna izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zemveliso kunye nenkqubo yemveliso evuthiweyo nezinzileyo. Kwimveliso yemveliso, ukukhethwa kwezinto, iiparameter zenkqubo kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo, iiparameter zombane zovavanyo lwelabhoratri ezikhethekileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo, kuyo yonke imbophelelo yophuhliso lwesakhiwo se-coaxial, ukongeza kwezinye (iindleko zezinto, iindleko zokucubungula ezibizayo) zilungile, kodwa uphuhliso lwemarike luhlala lujikeleza indlela yokufumana ixabiso elikhulu lebhetshi, i-Pair of twist version ibisoloko ikwisithuba sophando lophuhliso lwe-coaxial kunye nophuhliso kunye nophuhliso.
Ingabonakala kwisakhiwo somgca we-coaxial, ukusuka ngaphakathi ukuya ngaphandle, ngokulandelelana: umqhubi ophakathi, umaleko wokufaka ubushushu, umaleko wangaphandle wokuhambisa umbane (i-mesh yesinyithi), ulusu lwentambo. Intambo ye-coaxial yindibaniselwano eyenziwe ngabaqhubi ababini. Intambo ephakathi yentambo ye-coaxial isetyenziselwa ukudlulisa imiqondiso. Inethi yokukhusela isinyithi idlala iindima ezimbini: enye kukubonelela ngomjelo wangoku wesignali njengendawo eqhelekileyo, kwaye enye kukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwengxolo ye-electromagnetic kwisignali njengenethi yokukhusela. Intambo ephakathi kunye nenethiwekhi yokukhusela phakathi komaleko wokukhusela we-polypropylene onamagwebu aphantsi, umaleko wokukhusela umisela iimpawu zokudlulisa intambo, kwaye ukhusela ngokufanelekileyo intambo ephakathi, ebiza kakhulu inesizathu esibizayo.
Inguqulelo ye-USB4 twisted pair iyeza?
Njengoko iisekethe ze-elektroniki zisebenza kwiifrequencies eziphezulu, iimpawu zombane zezixhobo ze-elektroniki ziba nzima ukuziqonda. Xa ubungakanani becandelo okanye ubungakanani besekethe iyonke xa kuthelekiswa nobude bexesha lokusebenza bungaphezulu kwesinye, ixabiso le-inductance capacitance yesekethe, okanye iinxalenye isiphumo se-parasitic seempawu zezinto kunye nokunye, nokuba besisebenzisa isakhiwo se-wire pair, uvavanyo lweeparameter ze-frequency ezisisiseko alunakwanelisa iimfuno zabathengi, kwaye luguquguquka kunenguqulelo ye-coaxial yesakhiwo kunye nobubanzi bayo bukude, Kutheni ndingenakusebenzisa i-USB pair kwiibhetshi? Ngokubanzi, okukhona i-frequency yokusetyenziswa kwekhebula iphezulu, kokukhona ubude bexesha besignali bufutshane, kwaye i-skew pitch incinci, kokukhona i-balance effect iba ngcono. Nangona kunjalo, i-splicing pitch encinci kakhulu iya kuzisa ukusebenza okuphantsi kwemveliso kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-insulated core wire. I-pitch ye-line pair incinci kakhulu, inani le-torsion likhulu, kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-torsion kwicandelo lugxininiswe kakhulu, okubangela ukuguqulwa okukhulu kunye nomonakalo we-insulation layer, kwaye ekugqibeleni kubangele ukuphambuka kwentsimi ye-electromagnetic, okuchaphazela ezinye izalathi zombane ezifana nexabiso le-SRL kunye nokuncitshiswa. Xa kukho ukungaguquguquki kokufakwa kwe-insulation, umgama phakathi kwabaqhubi utshintsha rhoqo ngenxa yokujikeleza kunye nokujikeleza komgca omnye wokufaka i-insulation, nto leyo ebangela ukuguquguquka rhoqo kwe-impedance. Ixesha lokuguquguquka lide kakhulu. Kwi-transmission ye-frequency ephezulu, olu tshintsho lucothayo lunokubonwa ngamaza e-electromagnetic kwaye luchaphazele ixabiso lokulahleka kokubuya. Inguqulelo yesibini se-USB4 ayinakusetyenziswa kwiibhetshi.
Hayi emhlabeni, kodwa andifuni ukusebenzisa i-coaxial yakho yokufa, ngoko abantu baqala ukuqinisekisa umahluko weendlela zokukhusela ze-USB4 zokwenza imveliso, ukuze basonge eyona ngxaki inkulu kukuba umqhubi ujijeke lula, kwaye umahluko ngepakethi ehambelanayo ngqo kumsebenzi wesikolo, kuphephe ukukrweleka komqhubi, njengoko sonke sisazi, okwangoku SEBENZISA umahluko we-SAS, i-SFP + njl. zisetyenziswa kumgca wesantya esiphezulu, Kwanele ukubonisa ukuba ukusebenza kwayo kufuneka kube phezulu kunenguqulelo elahlekileyo, indima ebalulekileyo yomgca wedatha oqhelekileyo kukudlulisa imiqondiso yedatha, kodwa xa siyisebenzisa kusenokuvela zonke iintlobo zolwazi lokuphazamiseka okungcolileyo. Makhe sicinge ukuba ezi zimpawu zokuphazamiseka zingena kumqhubi wangaphakathi womgca wedatha kwaye zibeke uphawu oludluliselweyo lokuqala, ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphazamisa okanye ukutshintsha uphawu oludluliselweyo lokuqala, ngaloo ndlela kubangele ukulahleka okanye iingxaki zesiginali eluncedo? Kwaye umahluko womaleko wefoyile ye-aluminium kukudlulisela ulwazi kuthi ukuze sidlale indima yokukhusela nokukhusela, esetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwemiqondiso yangaphandle ezimeleyo yokudlulisa, izinto eziphambili zebhanti yephakheji kunye nokutsalwa kwefoyile ye-aluminium kukusebenzisa ukutywina kunye nokukhusela ifoyile ye-aluminium, ukuvala icala elinye okanye amacala amabini kwifilimu yeplastiki, lu: ifoyile edibeneyo esetyenziswa njengekhaka lentambo. Ifoyile yekhebula ifuna ioyile encinci kumphezulu, akukho mingxunya kunye neempawu eziphezulu zoomatshini. Inkqubo yokusonga kukuqokelela iingcingo ezimbini ezingaphakathi ezigqunyiweyo kunye neengcingo zomhlaba kunye ngomatshini wokusonga. Kwangaxeshanye, umaleko wefoyile ye-aluminium kunye nomaleko weteyiphu ye-polyester ezinamathelayo kwisonka sangaphandle zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela isibini sentambo kunye nokuzinzisa ulwakhiwo lweengcingo eziphambili zokusonga. Le nkqubo inefuthe elibalulekileyo kwipropati yentambo, kubandakanya ukungakwazi ukumelana, umahluko wokulibaziseka, ukuncitshiswa, kuba oku kufuneka kuveliswe ngokungqongqo ngokweemfuno zobugcisa, kwenziwe uvavanyo kwipropati yombane, ukuqinisekisa ukuba intambo ephambili yokusonga iyahambelana nemfuneko. Kakade ke, ayizizo zonke iilayini zedatha ezineelaya ezimbini zokukhusela. Ezinye zineeleya ezininzi, ezinye zineleya enye kuphela, okanye azikho kwaphela. Ukukhusela lukwahlulwa kwesinyithi phakathi kweendawo ezimbini zesithuba ukulawula ukungeniswa kunye nokusasazeka kwemitha yamaza ombane, imagnethi kunye ne-electromagnetic ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. Ngokucacileyo, isiseko somqhubi sijikelezwe ngumzimba okhuselayo ukuthintela ukuba angachaphazeleki yintsimi/uphawu lokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic yangaphandle, kunye nokuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwentsimi/uphawu lwe-electromagnetic ukuba lungasasazeki ngaphandle. Uvavanyo lwesignali ye-USB differential pair ephezulu lunokuthelekiswa ne-coaxial, differential pair ikhebula le-USB4 liyeza.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-16-2022
