Intshayelelo I-PCIe 6.0

I-PCI-SIG Organisation ibhengeze ukukhutshwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-PCIe 6.0 specification standard v1.0, ivakalisa ukugqitywa kwayo.

Njengoko kuqhubeka nendlela yokusebenza, isantya se-bandwidth siyaqhubeka siphindaphindeka kabini, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-128GB/s (unidirectional) kwi-x16, kwaye ekubeni itekhnoloji ye-PCIe ivumela ukuhamba kwedatha ye-bidirectional epheleleyo, i-total two-way throughput yi-256GB/s. Ngokwesicwangciso, kuya kubakho imizekelo yorhwebo kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18 emva kokupapashwa komgangatho, omalunga nowama-2023, kufuneka ube kwiqonga leseva kuqala. I-PCIe 6.0 iza kufika ekupheleni konyaka kwangoko, nge-bandwidth ye-256GB/s.

Ukubuyela kwitekhnoloji ngokwayo, i-PCIe 6.0 ithathwa njengotshintsho olukhulu kwimbali ye-PCIe ephantse ibe yiminyaka engama-20. Inyaniso kukuba, i-PCIe 4.0/5.0 lutshintsho oluncinci lwe-3.0, olufana ne-128b/130b encoding esekelwe kwi-NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero).

I-PCIe 6.0 itshintshele kwi-PAM4 pulse AM signaling, i-1B-1B coding, isignali enye inokuba ziimeko ezine ze-encoding (00/01/10/11), iphindwe kabini kuneyangaphambili, ivumela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30GHz frequency. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba isignali ye-PAM4 ibuthathaka ngakumbi kune-NRZ, ixhotyiswe nge-FEC forward error correction mechanism ukulungisa iimpazamo zesignali kwikhonkco kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwedatha.

Ukongeza kwi-PAM4 kunye ne-FEC, itekhnoloji yokugqibela ephambili kwi-PCIe 6.0 kukusetyenziswa kwe-FLIT (Flow Control Unit) encoding kwinqanaba elinengqondo. Enyanisweni, i-PAM4, i-FLIT ayisiyoteknoloji intsha, kwi-200G+ ultra-high-speed Ethernet sele isetyenziswa ixesha elide, nto leyo i-PAM4 engaphumelelanga ukuyikhuthaza kakhulu isizathu kukuba iindleko zomzimba ziphezulu kakhulu.

Ukongeza, i-PCIe 6.0 ihlala ihambelana nomva.

I-PCIe 6.0 iyaqhubeka nokuphinda kabini i-I/O bandwidth ukuya kwi-64GT/s ngokwesiko, elisetyenziswa kwi-PCIe 6.0X1 bandwidth ehambelanayo ye-8GB/s, i-PCIe 6.0×16 bandwidth ehambelanayo ye-128GB/s, kunye ne-pcie 6.0×16 bandwidth ehambelanayo ye-256GB/s. I-PCIe 4.0 x4 SSDS, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje, ziya kufuna i-PCIe 6.0 x1 kuphela ukuze ziyenze.

I-PCIe 6.0 iza kuqhubeka nokufaka ikhowudi ye-128b/130b eyaziswa ngexesha le-PCIe 3.0. Ukongeza kwi-CRC yokuqala, kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba iprotokholi entsha yetshaneli ikwaxhasa ukufakwa kwekhowudi ye-PAM-4 esetyenziswa kwi-Ethernet kunye ne-GDDR6x, ithatha indawo ye-PCIe 5.0 NRZ. Idatha engaphezulu ingapakishwa kwitshaneli enye ngexesha elifanayo, kunye nendlela yokulungisa iimpazamo zedatha ezisezantsi eyaziwa ngokuba yi-forward error correction (FEC) ukwenza ukwanda kwe-bandwidth kube nokwenzeka kwaye kuthembeke.

Abantu abaninzi banokubuza, i-PCIe 3.0 bandwidth ayisoloko isetyenziswa, i-PCIe 6.0 yintoni eluncedo? Ngenxa yokwanda kwezicelo ezifuna idatha, kubandakanya ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, iitshaneli ze-IO ezinamazinga okudlulisa ngokukhawuleza ziya ziba yimfuno yabathengi kwimarike yobungcali, kwaye i-bandwidth ephezulu yetekhnoloji ye-PCIe 6.0 inokuvula ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kweemveliso ezifuna i-bandwidth ephezulu ye-IO kubandakanya ii-accelerators, ukufunda koomatshini kunye nezicelo ze-HPC. I-PCI-SIG ikwanethemba lokuxhamla kushishino lweemoto olukhulayo, oluyindawo eshushu kwii-semiconductors, kwaye i-PCI-Special Interest Group iseke iqela elitsha elisebenzayo le-PCIe Technology ukuze ligxile kwindlela yokwandisa ukwamkelwa kwetekhnoloji ye-PCIe kushishino lweemoto, njengoko imfuno ekhulayo ye-bandwidth ye-ecosystem ibonakala. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko i-microprocessor, i-GPU, isixhobo se-IO kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha kunokuqhagamshelwa kwitshaneli yedatha, i-PC ukuze ifumane inkxaso ye-PCIe 6.0 interface, abavelisi bebhodi yomama kufuneka baqaphele ngakumbi ukulungiselela intambo enokusingatha imiqondiso yesantya esiphezulu, kwaye abavelisi be-chipset nabo kufuneka benze amalungiselelo afanelekileyo. Isithethi se-Intel asivumanga ukutsho ukuba inkxaso ye-PCIe 6.0 iya kongezwa nini kwizixhobo, kodwa siqinisekisile ukuba i-Alder Lake kunye ne-server side Sapphire Rapids kunye nePonte Vecchio ziya kuxhasa i-PCIe 5.0. I-NVIDIA nayo ayivumanga ukutsho ukuba i-PCIe 6.0 iya kuqaliswa nini. Nangona kunjalo, i-BlueField-3 Dpus yamaziko edatha sele ixhasa i-PCIe 5.0; I-PCIe Spec ichaza kuphela imisebenzi, ukusebenza, kunye neeparameter ekufuneka ziphunyezwe kumaleko oqobo, kodwa ayichazi indlela yokuzisebenzisa. Ngamanye amazwi, abavelisi banokuyila ulwakhiwo lomaleko oqobo lwe-PCIe ngokweemfuno zabo kunye neemeko zokwenyani ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza! Abavelisi beentambo banokudlala indawo engakumbi!