Intshayelelo kwiinkcukacha zePCIe 5.0

• Intshayelelo kwiinkcukacha zePCIe 5.0

Inkcazo ye-PCIe 4.0 yagqitywa ngo-2017, kodwa ayizange ixhaswe ngamaqonga omthengi de i-AMD's 7nm Rydragon 3000 series, kwaye ngaphambili kuphela iimveliso ezifana ne-supercomputing, ukugcinwa kweklasi ye-high-speed yokugcina, kunye nezixhobo zenethiwekhi zisebenzisa iteknoloji ye-PCIe 4.0.Nangona iteknoloji ye-PCIe 4.0 ingakasetyenziswanga kwinqanaba elikhulu, umbutho we-PCI-SIG sele kudala uphuhlisa i-PCIe 5.0 ekhawulezayo, izinga lesignali liphindwe kabini ukusuka kwi-16GT / s ukuya kwi-32GT / s, i-bandwidth inokufikelela kwi-128GB / s, kunye noshicilelo lwe-0.9/1.0 lugqityiwe.v0.7 inguqulo ye-PCIe 6.0 isicatshulwa esisemgangathweni sithunyelwe kumalungu, kwaye ukuphuhliswa komgangatho kusendleleni.I-pin ye-PCIe 6.0 inyuswe kwi-64 GT / s, eyi-8 ngamaxesha e-PCIe 3.0, kwaye i-bandwidth kwiitshaneli ze-x16 ingaba mkhulu kune-256GB / s.Ngamanye amazwi, isantya sangoku se-PCIe 3.0 x8 sidinga kuphela itshaneli ye-PCIe 6.0 ukufezekisa.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwi-v0.7, i-PCIe 6.0 iphumelele uninzi lweempawu ezibhengezwe ekuqaleni, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kusaphucuka ngakumbi.d, kwaye umgangatho usandula ukuzisa i-L0p yoqwalaselo lwegiya.Ewe, emva kokubhengezwa ngo-2021, i-PCIe 6.0 inokufumaneka ngorhwebo ngo-2023 okanye ngo-2024 kwangoko.Umzekelo, i-PCIe 5.0 yamkelwa ngo-2019, kwaye kungoku nje ukuba kukho iimeko zesicelo.

Xa kuthelekiswa neenkcukacha ezisemgangathweni zangaphambili, iinkcukacha zePCIe 4.0 zeza kade.Iimpawu ze-PCIe 3.0 zaziswa kwi-2010, iminyaka eyi-7 emva kokuqaliswa kwe-PCIe 4.0, ngoko ubomi be-PCIe 4.0 bufutshane.Ngokukodwa, abanye abathengisi baqalisile ukuyila izixhobo ze-PCIe 5.0 PHY.

Umbutho we-PCI-SIG ulindele ukuba imigangatho emibini ihlale ixesha elithile, kwaye i-PCIe 5.0 isetyenziselwa izixhobo eziphezulu zokusebenza ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokudlula, ezifana ne-Gpus ye-AI, izixhobo zenethiwekhi, njalo njalo, oku kuthetha ukuba i-PCIe 5.0 kungenzeka kakhulu ukuvela kwiziko ledatha, inethiwekhi, kunye neemekobume ze-HPC.Izixhobo ezineemfuno zebhanwidth ezingaphantsi, ezinjengee-desktops, zinokusebenzisa i-PCIe 4.0.

Kwi-PCIe 5.0, izinga lesignali liye lanyuswa ukusuka kwi-PCIe 4.0's 16GT / s ukuya kwi-32GT / s, isasebenzisa i-encoding ye-128 / 130, kwaye i-x16 bandwidth iye yanda ukusuka kwi-64GB / s ukuya kwi-128GB / s.

Ukongeza kokuphinda kabini i-bandwidth, i-PCIe 5.0 izisa olunye utshintsho, ukutshintsha uyilo lombane ukuphucula imfezeko yesiginali, ukuhambelana ngasemva kunye nePCIe, kunye nokunye.Ukongeza, i-PCIe 5.0 yenzelwe imigangatho emitsha enciphisa i-latency kunye nokunciphisa umqondiso kumgama omde.

Umbutho we-PCI-SIG ulindele ukugqiba i-1.0 inguqu yenkcazo kwi-Q1 kulo nyaka, kodwa inokuphuhlisa imigangatho, kodwa ayikwazi ukulawula xa i-terminal device ifakwe kwiimarike, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba i-PCIe yokuqala ye-5.0 izixhobo ziya kuqala kulo nyaka, kwaye iimveliso ezininzi ziya kubonakala ngo-2020. Nangona kunjalo, imfuno yesantya esiphezulu yenza ukuba umzimba oqhelekileyo uchaze isizukulwana esilandelayo se-PCI Express.Injongo ye-PCIe 5.0 kukunyusa isantya somgangatho ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu.Ke ngoko, i-PCIe 5.0 yenzelwe ukunyusa isantya kwi-PCIe 4.0 esemgangathweni ngaphandle kwezinye izinto ezintsha ezibalulekileyo.

Ngokomzekelo, i-PCIe 5.0 ayixhasi iimpawu ze-PAM 4 kwaye ibandakanya kuphela iimpawu ezintsha ezifunekayo ukwenzela ukuba umgangatho we-PCIe uxhase i-32 GT / s ngexesha elifutshane.

Imiceli mngeni yehardware

Umngeni omkhulu ekulungiseleleni imveliso yokuxhasa i-PCI Express 5.0 iya kuhambelana nobude besiteshi.Ukukhawuleza kwereyithi yesignali, iphezulu i-frequency carrier ye-signal ethunyelwa ngebhodi yePC.Iindidi ezimbini zomonakalo womzimba zinciphisa umda wokuba iinjineli zinokusasaza imiqondiso yePCIe:

· 1. Ukuthotywa kwetshaneli

· 2. Ukubonakaliswa okwenzeka kumjelo ngenxa yokungaqhubeki kwe-impedance kwizikhonkwane, izihlanganisi, imingxuma kunye nezinye izakhiwo.

Inkcazo ye-PCIe 5.0 isebenzisa amajelo ane -36dB attenuation kwi-16 GHz.I-frequency 16 GHz imele i-Nyquist frequency ye-32 GT / s imiqondiso yedijithali.Umzekelo, xa isignali yePCIe5.0 iqala, inokuba ne-peak-to-peak voltage eqhelekileyo ye-800 mV.Nangona kunjalo, emva kokudlula kwi-channel ye-36dB ecetyiswayo, nayiphi na into efana neliso elivulekileyo ilahlekile.Kuphela ngokusebenzisa ukulinganisa okusekelwe kwi-transmitter (i-de-accentuating) kunye nokulinganisa ummkeli (inhlanganisela ye-CTLE kunye ne-DFE) inokuthi i-PCIe5.0 isignali idlule kwijelo lenkqubo kwaye itolikwe ngokuchanekileyo ngummkeli.Ubuncinci obulindelekileyo bobude bamehlo be-PCIe 5.0 uphawu yi-10mV (post-equalization).Nangona i-low-perfect low-jitter transmitter, ukutshatyalaliswa okuphawulekayo kwejelo kunciphisa i-amplitude yesignali ukuya kwindawo apho naluphi na olunye uhlobo lomonakalo wesignali obangelwa kubonakaliso kunye ne-crosstalk inokuvalwa ukubuyisela iliso.