Intshayelelo ye-USB 4
I-USB4 yinkqubo ye-USB echazwe kwiinkcukacha ze-USB4. IForam yabaPhuhlisi be-USB ikhuphe inguqulelo yayo ye-1.0 nge-29 ka-Agasti 2019. Igama elipheleleyo le-USB4 yi-Universal Serial Bus Generation 4. Isekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa idatha "iThunderbolt 3" eyenziwe ngokubambisana yi-Intel kunye ne-Apple. Isantya sokudlulisa idatha se-USB4 sinokufikelela kwi-40 Gbps, ephindwe kabini kune-USB 3.2 (Gen2×2) ekhutshwe kutshanje.
Ngokungafaniyo nemigangatho yangaphambili yeprotocol ye-USB, i-USB4 ifuna isixhumi se-USB-C kwaye ifuna inkxaso ye-USB PD yokubonelela ngombane. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-USB 3.2, ivumela ukwenziwa kweetonela ze-DisplayPort kunye ne-PCI Express. Olu lwakhiwo luchaza indlela yokwabelana ngokuguquguqukayo ikhonkco elinye elikhawulezayo elineentlobo ezininzi zezixhobo zesiphelo, ezinokusingatha ngcono ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ngohlobo kunye nesicelo. Iimveliso ze-USB4 kufuneka zixhase ukudluliselwa kwedatha kwe-20 Gbit/s kwaye zinokuxhasa ukudluliselwa kwedatha kwe-40 Gbit/s. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokudluliselwa kwetonela, xa kuthunyelwa idatha exutyiweyo, nokuba idatha idluliselwa ngesantya se-20 Gbit/s, izinga lokudluliselwa kwedatha lokwenyani linokuba phezulu kunele-USB 3.2 (USB 3.1 Gen 2).
I-USB4 yahlulwe yaba ziinguqulelo ezimbini: i-20Gbps kunye ne-40Gbps. Izixhobo ezine-interface ye-USB4 ezikhoyo kwimarike zinokubonelela ngesantya se-40Gbps seThunderbolt 3 okanye inguqulelo encitshisiweyo ye-20Gbps. Ukuba ufuna ukuthenga isixhobo esinesantya esiphezulu sokudlulisa, oko kukuthi, i-40Gbps, kungcono ukujonga iinkcukacha ngaphambi kokuba uthenge. Kwiimeko ezifuna ukudlulisa ngesantya esiphezulu, ukukhetha i-USB 3.1 C TO C efanelekileyo kubalulekile njengoko iyinkampani ephambili yokufikelela kwisantya se-40Gbps.
Abantu abaninzi badidekile malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kwe-USB4 kunye ne-Thunderbolt 4. Enyanisweni, zombini i-Thunderbolt 4 kunye ne-USB4 zakhiwe ngokusekelwe kwiprotokholi esisiseko ye-Thunderbolt 3. Ziyahambelana kwaye ziyahambelana. Zonke ii-interfaces ziyi-Type-C, kwaye isantya esiphezulu yi-40 Gbps kuzo zombini.
Okokuqala, i-USB4 Cable esithetha ngayo ngumgangatho wokudluliselwa kwe-USB, oluyinkcazo yeprotocol enxulumene nokusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa kwe-USB. I-USB4 inokuqondwa njenge "sizukulwana sesine" sale nkcazo.
Iprotokholi yokudlulisa i-USB yacetywayo kwaye yaphuhliswa ziinkampani ezininzi kuquka iCompaq, i-DEC, i-IBM, i-Intel, iMicrosoft, i-NEC, kunye neNortel ngo-1994. Yakhutshwa njenge-USB V0.7 version ngoNovemba 11, 1994. Kamva, ezi nkampani zaseka umbutho ongenzi nzuzo ukukhuthaza nokuxhasa i-USB ngo-1995, obizwa ngokuba yi-USB Implementers Forum, eyi-USB-IF eqhelekileyo, kwaye i-USB-IF ngoku ngumbutho omiselweyo we-USB.
Ngo-1996, i-USB-IF yacebisa ngokusesikweni iinkcukacha ze-USB1.0. Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokudluliselwa kwe-USB1.0 yayiyi-1.5 Mbps kuphela, umbane ophezulu wokukhupha yayiyi-5V/500mA, kwaye ngelo xesha, zazimbalwa kakhulu izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwi-peripheral ezazixhasa i-USB, ngoko ke abavelisi be-motherboard babengafane benze ii-USB interfaces ngqo kwi-motherboard.
▲I-USB 1.0
NgoSeptemba 1998, i-USB-IF yakhupha iinkcukacha ze-USB 1.1. Izinga lokudluliselwa kwe-USB lanyuswa laya kwi-12 Mbps ngeli xesha, kwaye ezinye iinkcukacha zobugcisa kwi-USB 1.0 zalungiswa. Umbane ophezulu wokukhupha wasala uyi-5V/500mA.
Ngo-Epreli 2000, kwaqaliswa umgangatho we-USB 2.0, ngesantya sokudlulisa esingu-480 Mbps, esiyi-60MB/s. Uphindwe kayi-40 kune-USB 1.1. Umbane ophezulu yi-5V/500mA, kwaye usebenzisa uyilo lwe-4-pin. I-USB 2.0 isasetyenziswa nanamhlanje kwaye kunokuthiwa yeyona mgangatho we-USB ihlala ixesha elide.
Ukususela kwi-USB 2.0, i-USB-IF ibonakalise "italente yayo ekhethekileyo" ekutshintsheni amagama.
NgoJuni 2003, i-USB-IF yatshintsha igama leenkcukacha kunye nemigangatho ye-USB, yatshintsha i-USB 1.0 yaba yi-USB 2.0 Low-Speed version, i-USB 1.1 yaba yi-USB 2.0 Full-Speed version, kunye ne-USB 2.0 yaba yi-USB 2.0 High-Speed version.
Nangona kunjalo, olu tshintsho aluzange lube nefuthe lingako kwimeko yangoku ngelo xesha, kuba i-USB 1.0 kunye ne-1.1 ngokusisiseko zishiye isigaba sembali.
NgoNovemba ka-2008, i-USB 3.0 Promoter Group, equka iingxilimbela zoshishino ezifana ne-Intel, iMicrosoft, i-HP, iTexas Instruments, i-NEC, kunye ne-ST-NXP, yagqiba umgangatho we-USB 3.0 yaza yawukhupha esidlangalaleni. Igama elisemthethweni elinikiweyo yayiyi-"SuperSpeed". I-USB Promoter Group inoxanduva olukhulu lophuhliso kunye nokwenziwa kwemigangatho yochungechunge lwe-USB, kwaye ekugqibeleni imigangatho iya kunikezelwa kwi-USB-IF ukuze ilawulwe.
Izinga eliphezulu lokudlulisela i-USB 3.0 lifikelela kwi-5.0 Gbps, eyi-640MB/s. Umbane ophezulu wokukhupha yi-5V/900mA. Ihambelana ngokupheleleyo ne-2.0 kwaye ixhasa ukudluliselwa kwedatha epheleleyo (oko kukuthi, ingafumana kwaye ithumele idatha ngaxeshanye, ngelixa i-USB 2.0 iyi-half-duplex), kunye nokuba nezakhono zokulawula amandla ezingcono kunye nezinye iimpawu.
I-USB 3.0 isebenzisa uyilo oluneephini ezili-9. Iiphini zokuqala ezi-4 ziyafana nezo ze-USB 2.0, ngelixa ezinye iiphini ezi-5 zenzelwe ngokukodwa i-USB 3.0. Ngoko ke, unokufumanisa ukuba yi-USB 2.0 okanye i-USB 3.0 ngeephini.
NgoJulayi 2013, kwakhutshwa i-USB 3.1, ngesantya sokudlulisa se-10 Gbps (1280 MB/s), besithi yiSuperSpeed+, kwaye i-voltage ephezulu yombane evumelekileyo yaphakanyiswa yaya kwi-20V/5A, eyi-100W.
Ukuphuculwa kwe-USB 3.1 xa kuthelekiswa ne-USB 3.0 nako kwakucacile. Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala emva koko, i-USB-IF yathiya igama le-USB 3.0 yaba yi-USB 3.1 Gen1, kwaye i-USB 3.1 yabizwa ngokuba yi-USB 3.1 Gen2.
Olu tshintsho lwegama lubangele ingxaki kubathengi kuba abathengisi abaninzi abangathembekanga baphawula kuphela iimveliso ezixhasa i-USB 3.1 kwiphakheji ngaphandle kokubonisa ukuba yiGen1 okanye iGen2. Enyanisweni, ukusebenza kothumelo lwala maqela mabini kwahlukile, kwaye abathengi banokuwela emngciphekweni ngengozi. Ke ngoko, olu tshintsho lwegama yayilinyathelo elibi kubathengi abaninzi.
NgoSeptemba ka-2017, i-USB 3.2 yakhululwa. Phantsi kwe-USB Type-C, ixhasa iitshaneli ezimbini ze-10 Gbps zokudlulisela idatha, ngesantya esifikelela kwi-20 Gb/s (2500 MB/s), kwaye umbane ophezulu wokukhupha useyi-20V/5A. Ezinye izinto zinophuculo oluncinci.
▲Inkqubo yokutshintsha kwegama le-USB
Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2019, i-USB-IF yavela nolunye utshintsho lwegama. Bayibiza kwakhona i-USB 3.1 Gen1 (eyayiyi-USB 3.0 yokuqala) njenge-USB 3.2 Gen1, i-USB 3.1 Gen2 (eyayiyi-USB 3.1 yokuqala) njenge-USB 3.2 Gen2, kunye ne-USB 3.2 njenge-USB 3.2 Gen2.
Ngoku nakwixesha elizayo: Ukutsiba phambili kwe-USB4
Ngoku ekubeni sifikelele kwi-USB4, makhe sijonge ukuphuculwa kunye nokuphuculwa kwale protocol itsha. Okokuqala, ekubeni iluphuculo oluvela kwisizukulwana esinye ukusuka kwi-“3″ ukuya kwi-“4″,” uphuculo kufuneka lube lukhulu.
Ngokusekelwe kulo lonke ulwazi esiluqokeleleyo, iimpawu ezintsha ze-USB4 zishwankathelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1. Isantya esiphezulu sokudlulisela i-40 Gbps:
Ngokusebenzisa i-dual-channel transmission, isantya esiphezulu sokudlulisa i-USB4 kufuneka sikwazi ukufikelela kwi-40 Gbps, nto leyo efana neyeThunderbolt 3 (ebizwa ngokuba yi-“Thunderbolt 3″ ngezantsi).
Enyanisweni, i-USB4 iya kuba nesantya sokudlulisa esithathu: i-10 Gbps, i-20 Gbps, kunye ne-40 Gbps. Ngoko ke ukuba ufuna ukuthenga isixhobo esinesantya sokudlulisa esiphezulu, oko kukuthi, i-40 Gbps, kungcono ujonge iinkcukacha ngaphambi kokuba uthenge.
2. Iyahambelana neThunderbolt 3 interfaces:
Ezinye izixhobo ze-USB4 (hayi zonke) zinokuhambelana nee-interfaces ze-Thunderbolt 3. Oko kukuthi, ukuba isixhobo sakho sinojongano lwe-USB4, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uqhagamshele isixhobo se-Thunderbolt 3 ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunyanzelekanga. Nokuba siyahambelana okanye asihambelani kuxhomekeke kwindlela umenzi wesixhobo acinga ngayo.
3. Ubuchule bokwabiwa kwezixhobo ze-bandwidth enamandla:
Ukuba usebenzisa i-port ye-USB4 ngelixa uyisebenzisa ukuqhagamshela isibonisi kunye nokudlulisa idatha, i-port iya kwabela i-bandwidth ehambelanayo ngokwemeko. Umzekelo, ukuba ividiyo ifuna kuphela i-20% ye-bandwidth ukuqhuba isibonisi se-1080p, ngoko i-80% eseleyo ye-bandwidth ingasetyenziselwa eminye imisebenzi. Oku bekungenakwenzeka kwi-USB 3.2 nakwiixesha zangaphambili. Ngaphambi koko, indlela yokusebenza ye-USB yayikukutshintshana.
4. Zonke izixhobo ze-USB4 ziya kuxhasa i-USB PD
I-USB PD yi-USB Power Delivery (uthumelo lwamandla e-USB), enye yeenkqubo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ezikhoyo ngoku. Yaqulunqwa yintlangano ye-USB-IF. Le nkcazelo inokufikelela kwiivolthi eziphezulu kunye nemisinga, apho uthumelo lwamandla oluphezulu lufikelela kwi-100W, kwaye icala lothumelo lwamandla linokutshintshwa ngokukhululekileyo.
Ngokwemigaqo ye-USB-IF, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-USB PD charging interface yangoku kufuneka ibe yi-USB Type-C. Kwi-USB Type-C interface, kukho iiphini ezimbini, i-CC1 kunye ne-CC2, ezisetyenziselwa iitshaneli zokumisela unxibelelwano lwe-PD.
5. Kuphela yi-interface ye-USB Type-C enokusetyenziswa
Ngesi sici singasentla, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba sinokwazi nokuba i-USB4 inokusebenza kuphela ngezihlanganisi ze-USB Type-C. Enyanisweni, ayisebenzi kwi-USB PD kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye imigangatho yamva nje ye-USB-IF, isebenza kuphela kwi-Type-C.
6. Ingahambelana nokubuyela umva neeprotokholi zangaphambili
I-USB4 ingasetyenziswa kunye nezixhobo ze-USB 3 kunye ne-USB 2 kunye neeports. Oko kukuthi, inokuhambelana ngasemva nemigangatho yeprotocol yangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, i-USB 1.0 kunye ne-1.1 azixhaswa. Okwangoku, ii-interfaces ezisebenzisa le protocol ziphantse zanyamalala kwimarike.
Kakade ke, xa uqhagamshela isixhobo se-USB4 kwi-port ye-USB 3.2, asinakukwazi ukudlulisa ngesantya se-40 Gbps. Kwaye i-interface ye-USB 2 yakudala ayizukukhawuleza kuba nje iqhagamshelwe kwi-interface ye-USB4.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-21-2025
