USB 4 Intshayelelo

USB 4 Intshayelelo

I-USB4 yinkqubo ye-USB echazwe kwiinkcukacha ze-USB4. IForam yabaPhuhlisi be-USB ikhuphe inguqulo yayo ye-1.0 ngo-Agasti 29, 2019. Igama elipheleleyo le-USB4 yi-Universal Serial Bus Generation 4. Isekelwe kwi-teknoloji yothumelo lwedatha "Thunderbolt 3" iphuhliswe ngokudibeneyo yi-Intel kunye ne-Apple. Isantya sothumelo lwedatha ye-USB4 inokufikelela kwi-40 Gbps, ephindwe kabini isantya se-USB × 2 yamva nje.

Ngokungafaniyo nemigangatho yangaphambili yeprotocol ye-USB, i-USB4 ifuna isinxibelelanisi se-USB-C kwaye ifuna inkxaso ye-USB PD yonikezelo lwamandla. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-USB 3.2, ivumela ukudalwa kweetonela ze-DisplayPort kunye ne-PCI Express. Olu lwakhiwo luchaza indlela yokwabelana ngokuguquguqukayo ikhonkco elinye elinesantya esiphezulu kunye neentlobo ezininzi zesixhobo se-terminal, esinokuphatha kakuhle ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ngohlobo kunye nesicelo. Iimveliso ze-USB4 kufuneka zixhase i-throughput ye-20 Gbit/s kwaye inokuxhasa i-throughput ye-40 Gbit/s. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuhanjiswa kwe-tunnel, xa uhambisa idatha edibeneyo, nokuba idatha idluliselwe kwizinga le-20 Gbit / s, izinga lokudluliselwa kwedatha langempela linokuba liphezulu kune-USB 3.2 (i-USB 3.1 Gen 2).

I-USB4 yahlulwe yaba ziinguqulelo ezimbini: 20Gbps kunye ne-40Gbps. Izixhobo ezine-interface ye-USB4 ekhoyo kwimarike zinokubonelela ngesantya se-40Gbps se-Thunderbolt 3 okanye inguqulelo encitshisiweyo ye-20Gbps. Ukuba ufuna ukuthenga isixhobo ngesantya esiphezulu sothumelo, oko kukuthi, i-40Gbps, kukulungele ukujonga iinkcukacha ngaphambi kokuthenga. Kwiimeko ezifuna ukuhanjiswa kwesantya esiphezulu, ukukhetha i-USB 3.1 C TO C efanelekileyo ibalulekile njengoko iyona nto iphambili ekufezekiseni izinga le-40Gbps.

Abantu abaninzi badidekile malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kwe-USB4 kunye ne-Thunderbolt 4. Enyanisweni, zombini i-Thunderbolt 4 kunye ne-USB4 yakhiwe ngokusekelwe kwiprotocol ephantsi ye-Thunderbolt 3. Ziyancedisana kwaye ziyahambelana. I-interfaces zonke ziyi-Type-C, kwaye isantya esiphezulu yi-40 Gbps kuzo zombini.

Okokuqala, iCable ye-USB4 esibhekisa kuyo ngumgangatho wothumelo lwe-USB, oluyinkcazo yeprotocol enxulumene nokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kothumelo lwe-USB. I-USB4 inokuqondwa “njengesizukulwana sesine” sale nkcazelo.

I-protocol yokuhanjiswa kwe-USB yacetywa ngokudibeneyo kwaye yaphuhliswa ziinkampani ezininzi ezibandakanya iCompaq, iDEC, i-IBM, i-Intel, iMicrosoft, i-NEC, kunye ne-Nortel ngo-1994. Yakhululwa njengenguqulo ye-USB V0.7 ngoNovemba 11, 1994. Kamva, ezi nkampani zaseka umbutho ongenzi nzuzo ukukhuthaza nokuxhasa i-USB ngo-1995, ebizwa ngokuba yi-USB Implementers kunye ne-USB umbutho oqhelekileyo-IF ngoku i-USB Implementers, i-USB intlangano ngoku i-USB.

Ngo-1996, i-USB-IF yenza isindululo ngokusemthethweni malunga ne-USB1.0. Nangona kunjalo, isantya sothumelo lwe-USB1.0 yayiyi-1.5 Mbps kuphela, ubuninzi bemveliso yangoku yayiyi-5V/500mA, kwaye ngelo xesha, zazimbalwa kakhulu izixhobo zeperipheral ezixhasa i-USB, ngoko ke abavelisi bebhodi yomama abafane bayilwe ngokuthe ngqo ujongano lwe-USB kwibhodi yomama.

▲USB 1.0

NgoSeptemba ka-1998, i-USB-IF yakhupha iinkcukacha ze-USB 1.1. Izinga lokuhambisa liye landa kwi-12 Mbps ngeli xesha, kwaye ezinye iinkcukacha zobuchwepheshe kwi-USB 1.0 zalungiswa. Isiphumo esiphezulu sangoku sahlala si-5V / 500mA.

Ngo-Ephreli 2000, umgangatho we-USB 2.0 waziswa, kunye nesantya sokudluliselwa kwe-480 Mbps, eyi-60MB / s. Ngamaxesha angama-40 kune-USB 1.1. Ubuninzi bemveliso yangoku yi-5V / 500mA, kwaye ithatha idizayini ye-4-pin. I-USB 2.0 isasetyenziswa nanamhlanje kwaye kunokuthiwa ngowona mgangatho we-USB ohlala ixesha elide.

Ukuqala kwi-USB 2.0, i-USB-IF ibonise "italente yabo ekhethekileyo" ekutshintsheni igama.

NgoJuni ka-2003, i-USB-IF yaqamba ngokutsha iinkcukacha kunye nemigangatho ye-USB, yatshintsha i-USB 1.0 ukuya kwi-USB 2.0 inguqulo ye-Low-Speed, i-USB 1.1 ukuya kwi-USB 2.0 inguqulo ye-Full-Speed, kunye ne-USB 2.0 kwi-USB 2.0 inguqulo ye-High-Speed.

Nangona kunjalo, olu tshintsho lwalunempembelelo encinci kwimeko ekhoyo ngelo xesha, kuba i-USB 1.0 kunye ne-1.1 ishiye isigaba sembali.

NgoNovemba ka-2008, iQela le-USB 3.0 lokuKhuthaza, eliquka iingxilimbela zeshishini ezifana ne-Intel, iMicrosoft, i-HP, i-Texas Instruments, i-NEC, kunye ne-ST-NXP, igqibe umgangatho we-USB 3.0 kwaye wayikhulula esidlangalaleni. Igama elisemthethweni elinikezelweyo yayiyi-"SuperSpeed". IQela loKhuthazo lwe-USB lijongene ikakhulu nophuhliso kunye noqulunqo lwemigangatho yothotho lwe-USB, kwaye imigangatho iya kuthi ekugqibeleni inikezelwe kwi-USB-IF yolawulo.

Izinga eliphezulu lokudluliselwa kwe-USB 3.0 lifikelela kwi-5.0 Gbps, eyi-640MB / s. Ubuninzi bemveliso yangoku yi-5V / 900mA. Ihambelana ngokupheleleyo ne-2.0 kwaye ixhasa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ye-duplex epheleleyo (oko kukuthi, inokufumana kwaye ithumele idatha ngaxeshanye, ngelixa i-USB 2.0 i-half-duplex), kunye nokuba namandla okulawula amandla angcono kunye nezinye iimpawu.

I-USB 3.0 ithatha uyilo lwe-9-pin. Izikhonkwane ezi-4 zokuqala ziyafana nezo ze-USB 2.0, ngelixa ezinye izikhonkwane ezi-5 zenzelwe ngokukodwa i-USB 3.0. Ke ngoko, unokugqiba ukuba ngaba yi-USB 2.0 okanye i-USB 3.0 ngezikhonkwane.

NgoJulayi 2013, i-USB 3.1 yakhululwa, kunye nesantya sokudluliselwa kwe-10 Gbps (1280 MB / s), ebiza ukuba yi-SuperSpeed +, kwaye umbane ophezulu ovumelekileyo wokunikezelwa kwamandla uphakanyiswe kwi-20V / 5A, eyi-100W.

Ukuphuculwa kwe-USB 3.1 xa kuthelekiswa ne-USB 3.0 nayo yayicace kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala emva koko, i-USB-IF ithiya ngokutsha i-USB 3.0 njenge-USB 3.1 Gen1, kunye ne-USB 3.1 njenge-USB 3.1 Gen2.

Olu tshintsho lwegama lubangele ingxaki kubathengi kuba abathengisi abaninzi abanganyanisekanga baphawule kuphela iimveliso njengenkxaso ye-USB 3.1 kwipakethe ngaphandle kokubonisa ukuba yiGen1 okanye iGen2. Ngapha koko, ukusebenza kothumelo kwezi zimbini kwahluke kakhulu, kwaye abathengi banokuwela ngengozi kumgibe. Ke ngoko, olu tshintsho lwegama yayilinyathelo elibi kuninzi lwabathengi.

NgoSeptemba 2017, i-USB 3.2 yakhululwa. Ngaphantsi kwe-USB Type-C, isekela iziteshi ezimbini ze-Gbps ze-10 zokuhanjiswa kwedatha, kunye nesantya ukuya kwi-20 Gb / s (2500 MB / s), kwaye ubuninzi besiphumo samanje sise-20V / 5A. Eminye imiba inophuculo olungephi.

▲ Inkqubo yegama le-USB liyatshintsha

Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2019, i-USB-IF yeza nolunye utshintsho lwegama. Bayithiya ngokutsha i-USB 3.1 Gen1 (eyayiyi-USB 3.0 yoqobo) njenge-USB 3.2 Gen1, i-USB 3.1 Gen2 (eyayiyi-USB 3.1 yoqobo) njenge-USB 3.2 Gen2, kunye ne-USB 3.2 njenge-USB 3.2 Gen 2×2.

Ngoku nakwixesha elizayo: Ukutsibela Phambili kwe-USB4

Ngoku sele sifikelele kwi-USB4, makhe sijonge kuphuculo kunye nophuculo lomgangatho omtsha weprotocol. Okokuqala nokuphambili, kuba iluphuculo lwesizukulwana ukusuka ku “3” ukuya ku “4”, uphuculo kufuneka lube lukhulu.

Ngokusekwe kulo lonke ulwazi esiluqokeleleyo, iimpawu ezintsha ze-USB4 zishwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Isantya esiphezulu sothumelo lwe-40 Gbps:

Ngothungelwano lweendlela ezimbini, isantya esiphezulu sothumelo lwethiyori ye-USB4 kufuneka ikwazi ukufikelela kwi-40 Gbps, efanayo naleyo yeThunderbolt 3 (ekubhekiselwa kuyo njenge "Thunderbolt 3" ngezantsi).

Ngapha koko, i-USB4 iya kuba nezantya ezintathu zothumelo: 10 Gbps, 20 Gbps, kunye ne-40 Gbps. Ke ukuba ufuna ukuthenga isixhobo esona santya siphezulu sothumelo, oko kukuthi, i-40 Gbps, kungcono ujonge iinkcukacha phambi kokuba uthenge.

2. Iyahambelana neThunderbolt 3 ujongano:

Ezinye (hayi zonke) izixhobo ze-USB4 zinokuhambelana nojongano lweThunderbolt 3. Oko kukuthi, ukuba isixhobo sakho sinonxibelelwano lwe-USB4, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqhagamshele isixhobo seThunderbolt 3 ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunyanzelekanga. Ukuba iyahambelana okanye ayifani kuxhomekeke kwisimo sengqondo somenzi wesixhobo.

3. Isakhono sokwabiwa kwesixhobo sobubanzi obunamandla:

Ukuba usebenzisa i-USB4 port ngelixa usebenzisa ukudibanisa umboniso kunye nokudlulisa idatha, i-port iya kwabela i-bandwidth ehambelanayo ngokwemeko. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ividiyo ifuna kuphela i-20% ye-bandwidth yokuqhuba umboniso we-1080p, ke i-80% eseleyo ye-bandwidth ingasetyenziselwa eminye imisebenzi. Oku kwakungenakwenzeka kwi-USB 3.2 kunye namaxesha angaphambili. Ngaphambi koko, imowudi yokusebenza ye-USB yayikukutshintshana.

4. Izixhobo ze-USB4 ziya kuxhasa zonke i-USB PD

I-USB PD kuNikezelo lwaMandla e-USB (ugqithiso lwamandla e-USB), yenye yeendlela ezikhoyo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Ikwaqulunqwe ngumbutho we-USB-IF. Le nkcazo inokufikelela kwi-voltages ephezulu kunye nemisinga, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla aphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100W, kwaye isalathiso sokuhambisa amandla sinokutshintshwa ngokukhululekileyo.

Ngokwemigaqo ye-USB-IF, uhlobo olusezantsi lwe-USB PD ujongano lokutshaja kufuneka lube yi-USB Type-C. Kwi-interface ye-USB Type-C, kukho izikhonkwane ezimbini, i-CC1 kunye ne-CC2, ezisetyenziselwa iziteshi zokucwangcisa unxibelelwano lwePD.

5. Kuphela i-USB Type-C interface enokusetyenziswa

Ngeli nqaku lingasentla, kuyindalo ukuba sisazi nokuba i-USB4 inokusebenza kuphela ngeziqhagamshelo ze-USB Type-C. Ngapha koko, ayisiyiyo kuphela i-USB PD, kodwa nakweminye imigangatho yamva nje ye-USB-IF, isebenza kuphela kwi-Type-C.

6. Inokuba ngasemva iyahambelana neeprotocol zangaphambili

I-USB4 ingasetyenziswa kunye ne-USB 3 kunye nezixhobo ze-USB 2 kunye namazibuko. Oko kukuthi, inokuthi ngasemva ihambelane nemigangatho yangaphambili yeprotocol. Nangona kunjalo, i-USB 1.0 kunye ne-1.1 ayixhaswanga. Okwangoku, ujongano olusebenzisa le protocol luphantse lwanyamalala kwimarike.

Ewe, xa udibanisa isixhobo se-USB4 kwi-USB 3.2 port, ayikwazi ukuhambisa ngesantya se-40 Gbps. Kwaye i-interface yakudala ye-USB 2 ayizukukhawuleza kuba nje iqhagamshelwe kujongano lwe-USB4.