Isishwankathelo soBugcisa seeNkcukacha zeHDMI 2.1b
Kwabo bathanda iaudio nevidiyo, izixhobo eziqheleke kakhulu ngokungathandabuzekiyo ziintambo zeHDMI kunye nee-interfaces. Ukusukela oko kwakhutshwa inguqulelo ye-1.0 ye-HDMI specification ngo-2002, ibingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 edlulileyo, i-HDMI ibe yeyona migangatho ye-interface isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zeaudio nevidiyo. Ngokweengxelo ezisemthethweni, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwezixhobo zeHDMI ufikelele kwiiyunithi ezili-11 leebhiliyoni, okulingana nezixhobo zeHDMI ezimbini kumntu ngamnye kwihlabathi liphela. Eyona nzuzo inkulu ye-HDMI kukufana komgangatho wayo. Kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, ubungakanani bomzimba be-interface ye-HDMI eqhelekileyo abuzange butshintshe, kwaye i-protocol yesoftware ifikelele ekuhambelaneni okupheleleyo. Oku kulula ngakumbi kwizixhobo ezinkulu zasekhaya ezinohlaziyo lwehardware olucothayo, ngakumbi iithelevishini. Nokuba iTV ekhaya yimodeli endala kwiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi eyadlulayo, inokuqhagamshelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiikhonsoli zemidlalo zesizukulwana esilandelayo ngaphandle kwesidingo see-adapters. Ke ngoko, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-HDMI ithathe indawo ngokukhawuleza yevidiyo, i-AV, i-audio, kunye nezinye ii-interfaces kwiithelevishini kwaye ibe yeyona interface ixhaphakileyo kwiithelevishini. Ngokwezibalo, zonke iimveliso zikamabonwakude ezithengiswayo ngo-2024 zisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-HDMI, kwaye i-HDMI ikwayeyona nkampani iphambili kwiifomathi ze-high-definition ezifana ne-4K, 8K, kunye ne-HDR. Umgangatho we-HDMI 2.1a uphinde waphuculwa: uza kongeza amandla okubonelela ngombane kwiintambo kwaye ufuna ukufakwa kweetships kwizixhobo zomthombo.
I-HDMI® Specification 2.1b yinguqulelo yamva nje ye-HDMI® Specification, exhasa uluhlu lwezisombululo zevidiyo eziphezulu kunye namazinga okuhlaziya, kubandakanya i-8K60 kunye ne-4K120, kunye nezisombululo ezifikelela kwi-10K. Ikwaxhasa iifomathi ze-HDR eziguqukayo, kunye nomthamo we-bandwidth onyukayo ukuya kwi-48Gbps HDMI. Iintambo ezintsha ze-Ultra High Speed HDMI zixhasa i-bandwidth ye-48Gbps. Ezi ntambo ziqinisekisa ukubonelelwa kweempawu ezizimeleyo ze-bandwidth ephezulu kakhulu, kubandakanya ividiyo ye-8K engacinezelwanga enenkxaso ye-HDR. Zine-EMI ephantsi kakhulu (ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic), okunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezixhobo ezingenazingcingo ezikufutshane. Ezi ntambo ziyahambelana ngasemva kwaye zingasetyenziswa nezixhobo ze-HDMI ezikhoyo.
Iimpawu ze-HDMI 2.1b ziquka:
Isisombululo sevidiyo esiphezulu: Ingaxhasa uluhlu lwezisombululo eziphezulu kunye namazinga okuhlaziya akhawulezayo (kuquka i-8K60Hz kunye ne-4K120Hz), inika amava okubukela anomdla kunye neenkcukacha ezihamba ngokukhawuleza ezithambileyo. Ixhasa isisombululo esifikelela kwi-10K, ihlangabezana neemfuno ze-AV zorhwebo, iifektri, kunye nezicelo zobungcali.
I-Dynamic HDR iqinisekisa ukuba yonke indawo kunye nayo yonke ifreyimu yevidiyo ibonisa amaxabiso afanelekileyo obunzulu, iinkcukacha, ukukhanya, umahluko, kunye nombala obanzi.
Imephu yethoni esekelwe kumthombo (i-SBTM) luphawu olutsha lwe-HDR. Ngaphandle kwemephu ye-HDR egqitywe sisixhobo sokubonisa, ikwavumela isixhobo somthombo ukuba senze inxalenye yemephu ye-HDR. I-SBTM iluncedo ngakumbi xa kuhlanganiswa iividiyo ze-HDR kunye ne-SDR okanye imifanekiso kumfanekiso omnye, njengezikhokelo zemifanekiso-kumfanekiso okanye iinkqubo kunye neefestile zevidiyo ezidityanisiweyo. I-SBTM ikwavumela iiPC kunye nezixhobo zemidlalo ukuba zenze ngokuzenzekelayo imiqondiso ye-HDR elungiselelweyo ukuze zisebenzise ngokupheleleyo amandla e-HDR okubonisa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuseta ngesandla isixhobo somthombo.
Iintambo zeHDMI ezikhawulezayo kakhulu zinokuxhasa umsebenzi we-HDMI 2.1b ongacinezelwanga kunye ne-bandwidth ye-48G exhasayo. I-EMI ekhutshwayo kwiintambo iphantsi kakhulu. Zikwahambelana neenguqulelo zangaphambili zomgangatho we-HDMI kwaye zingasetyenziswa nezixhobo ze-HDMI ezikhoyo.
Inkcazelo ye-HDMI 2.1b ithatha indawo ye-2.0b, ngelixa inkcazelo ye-2.1a iqhubeka nokubhekisa kwaye ixhomekeke kwinkcazelo ye-HDMI 1.4b.
Indlela yokuchongwa kweemveliso ze-HDMI 2.1b
Ingcaciso ye-HDMI 2.1b ibandakanya intambo entsha – i-Ultra High-Speed HDMI® Cable. Yintambo yodwa ehambelana nemigaqo engqongqo, ejolise ekuqinisekiseni inkxaso yazo zonke imisebenzi ye-HDMI 2.1b, kuquka i-8k@60 engacinezelwanga kunye ne-4K@120. Umthamo we-bandwidth ophuculweyo wale ntambo uxhasa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-48Gbps. Zonke iintambo eziqinisekisiweyo zalo naliphi na ubude kufuneka ziphumelele uvavanyo lwesatifikethi se-HDMI Forum Authorized Testing Center (Forum ATC). Nje ukuba iqinisekiswe, intambo kuya kufuneka ibe nelebula yesatifikethi se-Ultra High-Speed HDMI encamathiselwe kwiphakheji nganye okanye kwiyunithi yokuthengisa, ukuze abathengi bakwazi ukuqinisekisa imeko yesatifikethi semveliso. Ukuchonga intambo, qiniseka ukuba ilebula yesatifikethi se-Ultra High-Speed HDMI efunekayo njengoko kubonisiwe apha ngasentla ibonisiwe kwiphakheji. Qaphela ukuba ilogo yegama lentambo esemthethweni iprintiwe kwilebula. Eli gama likwafuneka livele kwisheya yangaphandle yentambo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba intambo ivavanyiwe kwaye iqinisekisiwe kwaye iyahambelana nengcaciso ye-HDMI 2.1b, ungaskena ikhowudi ye-QR kwileyibhile usebenzisa usetyenziso lwesatifikethi sentambo ye-HDMI olufumaneka kwi-Apple App Store, kwi-Google Play Store, nakwezinye iivenkile zezicelo ze-Android.
Intambo yedatha yenguqulo ye-HDMI 2.1b eqhelekileyo ineentambo ezi-5 ezijijekileyo ngaphakathi kwintambo, kunye nolandelelwano lombala wangaphandle olutyheli, orenji, omhlophe, obomvu, kwaye kukho amaqela ama-2 oqhagamshelo kwiintambo ezi-6 zizonke, okwenza iingcingo ezingama-21 zizonke. Okwangoku, umgangatho weentambo ze-HDMI wahluka kakhulu kwaye kukho umahluko omkhulu. Ukungalungelelani kungaphaya kokucingelwa. Abanye abavelisi banokuvelisa iimveliso ezigqityiweyo zemitha ezi-3 ngeentambo ze-30AWG ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ye-EMI kwaye zine-bandwidth ye-18G, ngelixa ezinye iingcingo ezikhutshiweyo ngabavelisi zine-bandwidth ye-13.5G kuphela, ezinye zine-bandwidth ye-10.2G kuphela, kwaye ezinye zikwanayo ne-bandwidth ye-5G kuphela. Ngethamsanqa, i-HDMI Association ineenkcazo ezineenkcukacha, kwaye ngokuzithelekisa, umntu unokumisela umgangatho wentambo. Inkcazo yesakhiwo sentambo yangoku: intambo yefoyile ye-aluminium kwiphakheji ye-5P isetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kunye neqela elinye leempawu ze-DDC kwiiprotokholi zonxibelelwano. Imisebenzi yeengcingo zobhedu ezisi-7 yile: enye yokubonelela ngombane, enye yomsebenzi we-CEC, ezimbini zokubuyisela isandi (i-ARC), iqela elinye leempawu ze-DDC (iingcingo ezimbini eziphambili ezine-foam kunye nenye yomgca ophantsi ene-aluminium foil shielding) kwiiprotokholi zonxibelelwano. Ukhetho lwezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nokudibanisa imisebenzi kwenza ulwakhiwo lwezixhobo zekhebula kunye noyilo lokusebenza kubangele umahluko omkhulu weendleko kunye noluhlu olukhulu lwamaxabiso. Kakade ke, ukusebenza kweentambo ezifanayo nako kuyahluka kakhulu. Apha ngezantsi kukho ukubola kwesakhiwo kwezinye iimveliso zentambo ezifanelekileyo.
Inguqulelo eqhelekileyo yeHDMI
Ucingo lobhedu olungaphandle lulukiwe. Isibini esinye senziwe ngezinto zeMylar kunye nomaleko wefoyile yealuminiyam.
Ingaphakathi ligqunywe ngokuqinileyo sisigqubuthelo sesinyithi esikhuselayo ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi. Xa isigqubuthelo sesinyithi esingaphezulu sisusiwe, kukho iteyiphu enamathelayo etyheli enobushushu obuphezulu egquma ngaphakathi. Ngokususa isixhumi, kunokubonwa ukuba ucingo ngalunye olungaphakathi luqhagamshelwe yintambo yedatha, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "full pin". Ingakumbi, umphezulu wesixhumi seminwe yegolide unomaleko weplati yegolide, kwaye umahluko wexabiso leemveliso zokwenyani ulele kwezi nkcukacha.
Kule mihla, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentambo ze-HDMI 2.1b ezihlangabezana neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwimarike, ezifana neentambo ze-Slim HDMI kunye ne-OD 3.0mm HDMI, ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi kwiindawo ezincinci kunye neentambo ezifihliweyo;
I-HDMI ye-Right Angle (ingqiniba ye-90-degree) kunye ne-90 L/T HDMI Cable, ezilungele ukuqhagamshela izixhobo kwiindawo ezimxinwa;
Intambo ye-MINI HDMI (uhlobo lwe-C) kunye nentambo ye-MICRO HDMI (uhlobo lwe-D), zilungele izixhobo eziphathwayo ezifana neekhamera kunye neetablethi;
Iintambo ezisebenza kakuhle ezifana ne-8K HDMI, i-48Gbps Spring HDMI, njl.njl., ziqinisekisa uzinzo lokudluliselwa kwe-bandwidth ephezulu kakhulu;
Izixhobo ze-HDMI eziguquguqukayo kunye ne-Spring HDMI zinokumelana okuhle nokugoba kunye nokuqina;
Iimodeli zeSlim 8K HDMI, MINI kunye neMICRO ezineegobolondo zesinyithi ziyawomeleza ngakumbi ukhuselo kunye nokuqina kwe-interface, ngakumbi ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo eziphazamisayo kakhulu okanye usetyenziso lwemizi-mveliso.
Xa abathengi bethenga, ukongeza ekuqapheleni ilebhile yesatifikethi se-HDMI ekhawulezayo, kufuneka badibanise uhlobo lwabo lojongano lwesixhobo (njengokuba kufuneka i-HDMI encinci ukuya kwi-HDMI okanye i-HDMI encinci ukuya kwi-HDMI) kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa (njengokuba kufuneka i-engile yasekunene okanye uyilo oluncinci) ukukhetha intambo ye-HDMI 2.1b efanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuhambelana.
Ixesha leposi: Agasti-20-2025
